An Introduction to Music and Art in the Western World Ninth Edition
If y'all've ever taken an art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you lot know a lot about the men who "defined" their mediums. As with other subjects, most of what we learn about art history today still centers on white men from Europe and, later, the United States. In reality, there are so many more artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.
Hither, we're specifically taking a look at just some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art world's nigh iconic pioneers to its near unsung heroes, these women artists all had a hand — and, in some cases, nevertheless have a mitt — in changing the world of fine art and how we define it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more thirty years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United States, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Black Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was role of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perhaps nigh well known for her serial of Untitled Film Stills (1977–80) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of diverse generic female film characters, amid them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this serial, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and commonage identities.
Yoko Ono
You might beginning think of Yoko Ono as a musician and activist, just she'southward also an accomplished performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the performance art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".
One of her well-nigh revered works, Cut Piece, was a performance she offset staged in Japan; Ono sabbatum on phase in a nice suit and placed scissors in forepart of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audition members to come on stage and cut away pieces of her clothing. "Fine art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't practice it, I start to asphyxiate."
Betye Saar
Earlier becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed equally a social worker. A printmaking elective inverse her entire career trajectory — and, in turn, part of the trajectory of fine art history.
Saar was part of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Blackness Americans. "To me the play tricks is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you can get the viewer to expect at a work of art, and so you might be able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
It's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes similar death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded equally 1 of the nearly influential artists of the Surrealist movement.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, merely she's also known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and then much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her piece of work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which apply mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, oft doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale peel tones — every bit she was the first Black woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the mother of American modernism, you lot likely associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just peradventure, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the showtime adult female painter to proceeds the respect of the New York art world, all by painting in her unique style.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York Urban center. She used her work to question society, identity, and racial politics by demanding the audition to confront truths most themselves. She oft challenged people on the streets of New York to estimate her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed every bit a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her apparel.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to written report fine art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is all-time known for her photography, film, and video piece of work, much of which explores the relationship betwixt Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works ofttimes create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
As a neo-conceptual creative person, Jenny Holzer's work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on ad billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that deed as meditations on various concepts, such as trauma, noesis, and promise. One of her more than notable works, I Aroma You lot On My Peel, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore's art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the Starting time Nations People in Canada. Equally an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to raise awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Ethnic North American culture. In 2005, she was the first Ethnic woman to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Conservative
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Conservative is better known for her installation art and sculptures — similar the spider above — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when brainchild and conceptual art were the chief styles shaping the art globe.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced by pop culture and popular art, Mickalene Thomas oft embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was i of the major figures within the early on Feminist Fine art movement. As exemplified in her iconic piece of work The Dinner Party, her installation pieces often examine the part of women in history and civilisation — in the 1970s and earlier. While at California Land University in Fresno, Chicago founded the showtime feminist fine art plan in the United States.
Augusta Savage
Augusta Brutal was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, often of Black folks, Brutal founded the Savage Studio of Arts and crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years after, she became the commencement Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative operation art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body art". (Just look upwardly her most famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll see what we hateful.) She used her body to examine women'southward sensuality and liberation from the oppressive artful and social conventions established by our patriarchal society.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin'southward work challenges traditional power relations. In add-on to documenting New York City'south queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look similar an Andy Warhol to you? Well, that's the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her last name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, non-quite-right copies of large-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite aroused. All the same, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of art civilization.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly circuitous wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa's last public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World War II.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and mural photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the age of 9. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays various subcultures in formal portraits — but in a way that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an creative person, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Impact Accolade at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Award from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to accost global issues such as racism, gendered violence, and climate modify.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who as well specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and aggregation to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
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